◎contents 1. Introduction 2. Methods 3. Gender differences in late childhood and early adolescence 4. Trends over time and changes in gender differences during adolescence 5. The social-psychological effects of puberty on white females 6. The social-psychological effects pf puberty on white males 7. The effect of type of school environment upon attitudes toward school and upon the self-image 8. The effects of type of school environment upon peer relationships, independence, future plans, and conformity behavior 9. Individual change and recovery : self-easteem 10. Individual change and recovery : extracurricular participation and GPA 11. Cumulation fo change 12. Adjustment to the junior high school transition : the effect of school properties and individual resorces on self-easteem 13. Adjustment to the junior high school transition : other interrelationships 14. Snmmary and conclusion